ABAP 7.5 Syntax Cheat Sheet

" Structure initialization
DATA(ls_address) = VALUE ty_address(
  street = 'Main St'
  city   = 'New York'
  zip    = '10001'
).

" Internal table initialization
DATA(lt_items) = VALUE ty_items(
  ( id = '001' name = 'Item A' price = 100 )
  ( id = '002' name = 'Item B' price = 200 )
  ( id = '003' name = 'Item C' price = 300 )
).

" With BASE keyword (preserve existing data)
lt_items = VALUE #( BASE lt_items
  ( id = '004' name = 'Item D' price = 400 )
).

" Set default values
DATA(ls_config) = VALUE ty_config(
  timeout = VALUE #( DEFAULT 30 )
  retry   = VALUE #( DEFAULT 3 )
  active  = abap_true
).

" Clear structure
CLEAR ls_customer.
" or use VALUE
ls_customer = VALUE #( ).

" Initialize with selected fields
DATA(ls_partial) = VALUE ty_customer(
  id     = '12345'
  name   = 'ABC Corp'
  " other fields remain initial
).

" Simple embedding
DATA(lv_msg) = |Hello { lv_name }|.

" Multiple variables
DATA(lv_text) = |Order { lv_id } for { lv_customer }|.

" With literals
DATA(lv_path) = |/sap/bc/ui5/{ lv_app }/index.html|.

" Expressions in templates
DATA(lv_info) = |Total: { lv_qty * lv_price }|.

" Nested templates
DATA(lv_nested) = |Result: { |Value: { lv_val }| }|.

" Line breaks
DATA(lv_multi) = |Line 1
Line 2
Line 3|.

" Number formatting
DATA(lv_formatted) = |{ lv_amount WIDTH = 10 ALIGN = RIGHT }|.
DATA(lv_decimal) = |{ lv_value DECIMALS = 2 }|.
DATA(lv_padded) = |{ lv_num WIDTH = 5 PAD = '0' }|.

" Date formatting
DATA(lv_date) = |{ lv_datum DATE = USER }|.
DATA(lv_iso) = |{ lv_datum DATE = ISO }|.

" Time formatting
DATA(lv_time) = |{ lv_uzeit TIME = ISO }|.

" Case conversion
DATA(lv_upper) = |{ lv_text CASE = UPPER }|.
DATA(lv_lower) = |{ lv_text CASE = LOWER }|.

" Alpha conversion
DATA(lv_alpha) = |{ lv_matnr ALPHA = OUT }|.

" Simple condition
DATA(lv_status) = COND string(
  WHEN lv_amount > 1000 THEN 'HIGH'
  WHEN lv_amount > 500  THEN 'MEDIUM'
  ELSE 'LOW'
).

" With complex conditions
DATA(lv_discount) = COND decfloat16(
  WHEN lv_customer_type = 'PREMIUM' AND
       lv_amount > 5000
  THEN lv_amount * '0.15'
  WHEN lv_customer_type = 'REGULAR' AND
       lv_amount > 2000
  THEN lv_amount * '0.10'
  ELSE lv_amount * '0.05'
).

" Assignment based on condition
lv_message = COND #(
  WHEN sy-subrc = 0 THEN 'Success'
  ELSE 'Error occurred'
).

" Basic switch
DATA(lv_day_name) = SWITCH string( sy-datum+6(1)
  WHEN '1' THEN 'Monday'
  WHEN '2' THEN 'Tuesday'
  WHEN '3' THEN 'Wednesday'
  WHEN '4' THEN 'Thursday'
  WHEN '5' THEN 'Friday'
  WHEN '6' THEN 'Saturday'
  WHEN '7' THEN 'Sunday'
  ELSE 'Invalid'
).

" With complex result
DATA(lt_config) = SWITCH ty_config( lv_env
  WHEN 'DEV' THEN VALUE #(
    ( param = 'DEBUG' value = 'X' )
    ( param = 'TRACE' value = 'X' )
  )
  WHEN 'PROD' THEN VALUE #(
    ( param = 'DEBUG' value = '' )
    ( param = 'TRACE' value = '' )
  )
).

" Concatenation
SELECT kunnr,
       CONCAT( name1, name2 ) AS full_name
  FROM kna1
  WHERE kunnr = @lv_customer
  INTO @DATA(ls_customer).

" Substring
SELECT matnr,
       SUBSTRING( matnr, 0, 3 ) AS prefix
  FROM mara
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_materials).

" CASE expression
SELECT matnr,
       CASE mtart
         WHEN 'FERT' THEN 'Finished'
         WHEN 'HALB' THEN 'Semi-finished'
         ELSE 'Other'
       END AS material_type
  FROM mara
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_types).

" Arithmetic operations
SELECT vbeln,
       posnr,
       kwmeng * netpr AS item_total
  FROM vbap
  WHERE vbeln = @lv_order
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_items).

" Division with CAST
SELECT vbeln,
       CAST( kwmeng AS DECFLOAT16 ) /
       CAST( umvkz AS DECFLOAT16 ) AS converted
  FROM vbap
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_converted).

" Logical operations
SELECT kunnr
  FROM kna1
  WHERE land1 = 'US'
    AND ( ktokd = 'KUNA' OR ktokd = 'KUNB' )
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_customers).

" Method chaining
DATA(lv_result) = lo_object->method1( )->method2( )->method3( ).

" With parameters
DATA(lv_value) = lo_calc->add( 5 )->multiply( 3 )->get_result( ).

" Constructor chaining
DATA(lo_instance) = NEW cl_my_class(
  )->initialize( lv_config
  )->set_parameter( 'PARAM1' lv_value1
  )->set_parameter( 'PARAM2' lv_value2 ).

" String operations
DATA(lv_clean) = cl_abap_string_utilities=>to_upper(
  cl_abap_string_utilities=>remove_whitespace( lv_input )
).

" Basic instantiation
DATA(lo_instance) = NEW cl_my_class( ).

" With constructor parameters
DATA(lo_obj) = NEW cl_calculator(
  iv_value1 = 10
  iv_value2 = 20
).

" Direct method call
NEW cl_my_class( )->execute( ).

" In assignments
lo_ref = NEW cl_handler( lv_config ).

" With CAST
DATA(lo_specific) = CAST cl_specific_type(
  NEW cl_factory( )->create_instance( 'TYPE1' )
).

" In table of objects
DATA(lt_objects) = VALUE ty_obj_tab(
  ( NEW cl_my_class( param = 'A' ) )
  ( NEW cl_my_class( param = 'B' ) )
).